Lead
is a very weak metal. Therefore various other metals are often
considered for the perimeter of the panel to strengthen the whole.
Zinc
is a metal often used for strengthening the perimeter of panels. It
is stronger than lead – by about 8 times. It is relatively easy to
solder. However it is subject to more rapid corrosion than lead.
So an
alternative is aluminium which is about about the same strength as
zinc. However it does not accept soldering, so professional joining
or cold fixing solutions are required to make the frame.
Copper
is over 10 times the strength of lead and can be considered as an
alternative to zinc. It accepts solder well, but as a came is
extremely expensive. It does corrode to a verdigris unless protected
and maintained. However, because of its strength, copper wire - as a
single strand or several twisted - can be used inside other came such
as lead or zinc to provide strong support.
Brass
is about 19 times stronger than lead. It is available in came
profile as well as “U” and “L” profiles. It accepts solder
well and resists corrosion. It is more expensive than lead, but
similar in price to zinc.
Mild
steel strength varies but is at least 27 times stronger than lead.
It does not accept solder easily, and does corrode without painted
protection, but is a less expensive option than aluminium, zinc or
copper. As an angle or “T” shape, mild steel and iron have been
used for centuries to support leaded glass panels.
Stainless
steel is at least 37 times stronger than lead. It is difficult to
weld and does not accept solder at all. It is very resistant to
corrosion.
When
considering framing solutions for panels, the main factors to
consider are relative strength, corrosion, and joining methods
possible.
Brass,
Copper, Lead and Zinc all can be joined by solder. Aluminium and
stainless steel cannot be joined with solder. Although mild steel
can be joined with solder, a good strong joint is difficult.
The
stronger the metal, the thinner profile required, which can make
metals that are more expensive by weight an economical solution, as
metal prices are most often by weight rather than shape.
It
also is possible to combine a stronger metal with a weaker metal,
such as including copper wire or steel rods in the lead came.
It is
not absolutely necessary to solder the panel to the framing material.
A frame can be made and the panel fixed within it by other than hot
soldering methods. In this case the frame takes the whole weight of
the panel.
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